Facebook shut down my account

UPDATE (1:21 PM, 27 January 2020): Facebook already reactivated my account this morning. But I am not able to make any posts or comments until February 2. And they still have not informed me why they deactivated my account in the first place.

* E * L * F * I * L * I * P * I * N * I * S * M * O *

PEPE ALAS

Just a few minutes ago, I was sharing my latest blogpost about Catholicism’s influence on Filipino Masonic thought to a few Facebook groups where I belong and to pages that I manage. It’s what I’ve been doing for the past few years. But as I was doing this, FB suddenly decided to shut down my account without any clear explanation. The number of shares has not even reached ten yet.

I immediately disputed the deletion and sent them all the information that they needed from me. My dispute is still under review, but they did not explain to me why they canceled my FB account nor did they tell me how long this review will take. While they did allow me the chance to recover my account, shutting it down without any clear explanation is still very unfair. To the best of my knowledge, I did not violate their terms and conditions. So why was my account shut down?

There is nothing I can do but to wait for them to reactivate my account… if they ever will. If they don’t, I have no intention to create a new one. What for? If I create a new account, they can delete it again anytime without any fair warning. In the meantime, you may follow me on Twitter. I’m not sure if I should still promote (nor even continue using) my Instagram account because Facebook owns it.

I don’t want to sound like a conspiracy theorist but I just hope that my Catholicism vs Freemasonry blogpost has nothing to do with this deactivation.

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Unheralded heroes in peril

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We understand the anger of Batangueños who were forcibly evacuated from their homes by the military (and the police) because of an imminent Taal Volcano eruption. It was done, of course, for their safety. But has anyone of them —or any one of us, for that matter— ever thought that those soldiers will be the first to die in case the volcano finally erupts? At 80 km per hour, it is highly unlikely that they will all survive a pyroclastic surge, even if they had vehicles. In sum, the lockdown that is happening in towns that fall under the volcano’s 14-kilometer danger zone is nothing short of a suicide mission.

Are you also praying for them?

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Taal is a supervolcano

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It boggles me as to why Taal Lake is not generally considered as a supervolcano. All the characteristics of a supervolcano (collapsed caldera, gigantic ridges, etc.) are inherent in her. The breathtaking landscape of Tagaytay ridge, for instance, is actually the enormous rim of that ancient supervolcanic crater.

If I’m not mistaken, Taal Lake is the only supervolcano that still has an active crater in its center. Therefore, in my opinion, this makes Taal Volcano as the most dangerous in the world. To say that it is just one of the most dangerous is already false humility.

After reading Thomas R. Hargrove’s famous little book about Taal Lake and its mysterious volcano, I am finally convinced that people should stay out of the danger zone… PERMANENTLY. According to Hargrove’s research, several towns surrounding the lake were buried and/or submerged underwater throughout Taal Volcano’s recorded history. The Spanish friars tried their best to take the native Batangueños away from the volcano. They have transferred from place to place whenever the volcano’s unpredictable fury took away their homes. But now that they’re gone, their flocks’ stubborn descendants keep on returning to where they shouldn’t be in the first place.

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When Taal Lake was not yet a lake

That the towns of Taal and Lemery are starting to display volcanic fissures due to the recent phreatic eruption of Taal Volcano last January 12 should not be surprising had their people known their violent geological history.

Before the mid-18th century, Taal Lake was technically not a lake because it was connected to Balayán Bay via a wide channel (encircled in red). Subsequent eruptions buried this channel, creating what is now a large part of the Municipality of Lemery (named after José Nicolás Francisco Pablo Lemery, the Governor-General who ruled the country at the time of Rizal’s birth). One old Spanish newspaper (the name escapes me at the moment) even reported that a huge chunk of a mountain called Malaquíng Bintî —otherwise known as Binintiang Malaki, that picturesque little cone that we all know from postcards— was flung all the way to where Lemery is now situated due to a violent eruption. That closed the channel, blocking the waterway. Thus Taal Lake was born. That cataclysmic event also trapped several sea animals, including bull sharks, inside the lake. When the lake’s salinity subsided due to years of rainfall, these sea creatures learned to adapt to it instead of dying out (unfortunately, the bull sharks did not survive the notorious #BobongPinoy mentality; they were totally wiped out sometime in the 1930s). Today, what is perhaps a remnant of that ancient channel is now the Pansipit River which divides Lemery from the heritage town of Taal. Both towns, especially Lemery, sit on fragile grounds.

And even as we speak, it appears that the volcano is again trying to take away that last, small outlet that connects its lake to the sea.

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This map is from the famous 1734 Murillo Velarde map, the so-called “Mother of Filipino maps”.

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Carta abierta al Presidente de la Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española

Presidente
Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española

Estimado Don Guimò:

Buen día.

Señor, después de mucha deliberación desde nuestra reunión de almuerzo este sábado pasado, finalmente decidí no unirme a la Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española. Lo siento mucho, pero el tratamiento frío que yo recibí entre sus compañeros (me refiero a los profesores de UP Dilimán y al mismísimo expresidente de la Academia Filipina) cuando usted decidió nominarme como nuevo miembro ya es suficiente para que yo decida no unirme. Es que incluso si me convierto en miembro allí, no hay forma de que mis planes o ideas para avanzar el idioma español en Filipinas sean reconocidos o respetados por ellos. Estoy tan seguro que mi membresía allí sólo creará problemas y conflictos entre ustedes. Incluso podrían acusarlo de nepotismo y no quiero que eso le pase a usted.

Y hablando de nepotismo, usted sabe muy bien que ni una sóla vez le pedí que usted me hiciera miembro de la Academia Filipina. Fue idea suya, no mía. Sólo digo esto ahora para que quede registrado, para que en caso de que ellos se topen con esta carta abierta, lo entiendan que no tengo ningún motivo egoísta.

Pero no quiero sonar como un hipócrita. ¿Quiero ser miembro de la institución estatal más antigua de nuestro país? ¡Sí, por supuesto! Sería muy emocionante y gratificante ver mi nombre junto a los nombres de personas distinguidas como Benito Legarda Jr, Gloria Macapagal de Arroyo, y Ramón Pedrosa entre muchos otros. Sería realmente gratificante que un don nadie como yo se convierta, por fin, en un grupo prestigioso que alguna vez albergó nombres ilustres en la literatura filipina como Macario Adriático, Jesús Balmori, Fernando Mª Guerrero, Evangelina Zacarías, etc. Pero más que eso, creo que ser miembro de la Academia Filipina de alguna manera dar poder a mi sueño de toda la vida de una Filipinas de habla hispana. Sin embargo, si el precio de todo eso es un conflicto con los académicos, preferiría no tenerlo. No quiero problemas para nosotros dos.

Con el debido respeto a su liderazgo, mi querido maestro, la versión actual de la Academia Filipina —en mi opinión brutalmente franca— es nada más que un “social club” de personas que sólo anhelan prestigio. Usted y yo sabemos que muchos de ellos (no todos, pero la mayoría de ellos) no hacen casi nada para custodiar, enaltecer, y difundir el idioma español en nuestra patria. Podrían tomar represalias a lo que escribo ahora y afirmar que promueven el español enseñándolo. Es verdad. Pero lo hacen como una profesión, se les paga por ello. Lo hacen por un salario. Por el contrario, yo no gano ningún centavo cada vez que promociono el idioma español en el Internet. Incluso me costó la salud y me ha causado problemas en el hogar y en la oficina.

Déjeme decir esto ahora: muchos miembros actuales de la Academia Filipina especialmente aquellos en la profesión docente, en mi observación, son sólo políglotas, amantes del lenguaje, pero no son hispanistas como el primer plantel de académicos.

Pero no se preocupe porque hay muchas otras personas fuera de la Academia Filipina que están trabajando duro haciendo para el avance del español en el país. Son Arnaldo Arnáiz, Jemuel Pilápil, Christian Martínez, Hermana Fedelyn Bueno, y Atty. Ceferino Benedicto, etc. Incluso nuestro colega José Mª Bonifacio Escoda, a pesar de sus fallas, es muy trabajador cuando se trata de promover el idioma español en su cuenta de Facebook. Estos son los jóvenes (excepto Boni, ¡jeje!) cuya defensa del idioma español es más apasionada y más visible en el Internet en comparación con los miembros actuales (y esnob) de la Academia Filipina. Hoy en día, la visibilidad y la actividad en el Internet es muy importante para avanzar una defensa. Esta visibilidad y actividad y también carisma, entre otras virtudes nacionalistas, son inherentes a las personas que mencioné (no las veo en algunos miembros de la Academia Filipina a pesar de sus excelentes cualidades como eruditos). Estoy seguro de que hay muchos otros como ellos a quienes no hemos conocido todavía, individuos que continúan el trabajo (y el espíritu) de la original Academia Filipina.

 

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Mi foto final con los miembros de la Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española en el Club Filipino. De pie, izquierda a derecha: Daisy López, Erwin Thaddeus Bautista, Wystan de la Peña, José Rodríguez Rodríguez (presidente honorario), Emmanuel Luis Romanillos, y yo (no socio). Sentado, izquierda a derecha: Benito Legarda Jr., Guillermo Gómez Rivera (presidente actual). Foto por Jeffrey Vecina, asistente leal del Sr. Gómez.

 

Espero que esta carta abierta no le entristezca ni le ofenda de ninguna manera. Sólo necesitaba explicarme a mí mismo (y pensé en escribirlo aquí en lugar de enviárselo por mensaje privado para la posteridad, y de modo que quedara registrado), y limpiarnos de cualquier acusación desagradable que pudiera surgir. Tuve que hacer esto para calmar a las mentes maliciosas en la Academia Filipina. No deseo ser su villano.

Sin embargo, me gustaría agradecerle por considerarme miembro. Durante muchos años, usted me ha estado diciendo que me nominará. Su confianza en mí sólo ya es un gran honor y vale más que hacerme miembro. La Academia Filipina es de ellos, más que la mía. No la necesito porque ya tengo mi blog. El idioma español en nuestro país seguirá creciendo con o sin la Academia Filipina. Y más importante aún, el espíritu de la verdadera Academia Filipina vivirá en los no socios. Esto creo.

Su seguro servidor Q.B.S.M.

José Mario “Pepe” Alas Soriano
Bloguero
EL FILIPINISMO

Himno al Volcán de Taal

Hi there. I thought of sharing this century-old Filipino poem (in Spanish, of course) because it’s very timely. It’s written by none other than Claro M. Recto (1890–1960), one of the greatest Filipino nationalists who had ever lived. Millennials and many other unlettered peeps will easily recognize the name only as that busy, infamous road in Manila where one can obtain fake diplomas and other doctored documents. It should be made known that Recto was not all about that. He was a prodigy in poetry, a forceful playwright, a brilliant lawyer, a fiery senator, a just jurist, a clear-cut and consummate constitutionalist, and a champion of the so-called Identidad Filipina or Filipino Identity which is based on our Spanish past.

Surprisingly AND laughably, he was also the grandfather of incumbent Senator Ralph Recto, but let’s not go there anymore. 😂

Due to time constraints and other tasks at hand (and it’s my son Jefe’s 13th birthday today), I am not able to translate this poem in its entirety. But let me just share to you a brief backgrounder and other interesting tidbits about it. Titled Himno al Volcán de Taal, Recto composed this poem shortly after the cataclysmic Taal Volcano eruption that occurred on 30 January 1911 and took the lives of more than 1,300 people. He dedicated the poem to journalist Fidel A. Reyes (1878–1967), a fellow Batangueño (both are from Lipâ) who years earlier was entangled in a highly controversial libel case because of an editorial that he wrote for the newspaper El Renacimiento (The Renaissance) titled “Aves de Rapiña” or “Birds of Prey”. The editorial made references to a US official who allegedly took advantage of his position to exploit the country’s resources for his own personal gain.

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Taal Volcano a day before it erupted on 30 January 1911 (photographed by Charles Martin for the National Geographic Magazine, volume 23, 1912).

No names were mentioned in the editorial, but Dean C. Worcester who was then the Secretary of the Interior of the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands felt alluded to. He sued Reyes as well as El Renacimiento’s editor (Teodoro M. Kalaw) and the publisher (Martín Ocampo). El Renacimiento lost the case, was heavily fined, and subsequently closed down. Nevertheless, the editorial team was considered as heroes by Filipino nationalists, including a young Recto who was then only in his teens when the celebrated libel case was ongoing.

Already an ardent nationalist at a young age as can be gleaned from many of his poems, the Aves de Rapiña editorial and libel case must have had surely made an impact on Recto’s young mind, thus the dedication of Himno al Volcán Taal to Reyes who was twelve years his senior. A connection should now be made between the poem in question and the libel case involving Reyes — Himno al Volcán Taal was not all about the 1911 eruption. Recto cunningly used the disaster to subtlely attack the whole Insular Government. He declaimed his composition two weeks after the disaster, on February 15 (or shortly after his 21st birthday), during a soiree held for the benefit of the victims of the aforementioned eruption. In his poem, Recto described Taal Volcano’s greatness by personifying it as a giant Greek statue (Colossus) and a powerful Titan from Greek mythology (Prometheus), and as a symbol of his “race”, i.e., the Filipino people, who were meek and humble but can become aggressive against the “adventurous vulture” who is the “thief of liberties”: Eres tú todo un símbolo del alma de mi Raza: | manso y humilde pero agrede y despedaza | al buitre aventurero, ladrón de libertades; Clearly, he was referring to the US colonial invaders, the birds of prey (personified by the “buitre aventurero”), who took upon themselves to conquer us in 1898 without our willing consent.

Recto also decried why Taal killed its own people during the previous month’s explosion: ¿Por qué fueron tus víctimas los hijos de tu tierra, | los mismos paladines del triunfo de mañana? But he immediately shrugged off his own question when he concluded that the explosion was a punishment for the Filipinos’ complacency (angrily calling it “suicidal apathy”) toward their US colonial masters: Castigaste del pueblo la suicida apatía, | porque no predicamos la santa rebeldía | ante el feroz empuje de la ambición humana.

But the nastiest attack against the US colonial government can be found in this poem’s penultimate stanza, which is my favorite part because of its striking imagery and very moving message. Here he belittled the light coming out from the “torch of New York” (the Statue of Liberty, another famous US symbol), saying that its weak light can never reach our shores, and that may the high column of fire coming out from Taal Volcano be our brilliant torch during our “long night” (years under colonial yoke): Sea la alta columna de fuego que vomitas | en nuestra noche larga la tea refulgente; | la antorcha neoyorquina iluminando el mundo | es tan débil y exigua que su brillo infecundo | no llega á las comarcas de esta Perla de Oriente. Although sarcastic, Recto was still benign in this poem if we are to compare it to an earlier poem of his titled “Oración al Dios Apolo” (Prayer to the God Apollo, October 1910) wherein he implored that both the volcanoes of Taal and Mayón explode (que… revienten sus cráteres el Taal y el Mayón) in order to vanquish those “voracious eagles” who came to our shores in droves (vinieron Águilas voraces en tropel, a clear allusion to the US invaders’ other famous symbol: the bald eagle).

With Recto’s persistent use of buitres and águilas to corroborate Reyes’s editorial, Dean C. Worcester could be correct with his suspicion all along: he and the government he represented were indeed birds of prey.

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Taal Volcano’s phreatic explosion at 18,000 feet from the ground taken yesterday by Tito Johnny On, a family friend who is a pilot.

HIMNO AL VOLCÁN DE TAAL
–Claro M. Recto–

Para Fidel A. Reyes

Coloso encadenado, invicto Prometeo,
que enseñas hoy al mundo el inmortal trofeo
de tus hazañas trágicas de tirano sañudo:
llegue á tí, como un himno de encarnizada guerra,
como un coro de truenos, como un temblor de tierra,
este salmo que emerge de mi salterio rudo.

Son ingentes tus triunfos, son grandes tus hazañas
porque un nuno maléfico alienta en tus entrañas,
fabricante de rayos de vengadoras furias;
hechura del malayo, alma del pueblo nuestro,
legatario de todas las iras del Ancestro,
bizarro é inexorable castigador de injurias.

Hay en tu seno puestas por la Naturaleza
energías que guardan tu secular grandeza
de las profanaciones de las garras voraces.
Y así cuando te violan, tus iras se desatan,
é incendian y aniquilan, y destruyen y matan,
ante el espanto mudo de todos los rapaces.

Ante tí nada pueden los bárbaros cañones,
con que de las inermes y débiles naciones
tan descaradamente se burlan las más fuertes;
porque las fuerzas hijas de la Naturaleza
son fuerzas absolutas, cuya ruda braveza
neutraliza las balas cuando fulmina muertes.

Eres tú todo un símbolo del alma de mi Raza:
manso y humilde pero agrede y despedaza
al buitre aventurero, ladrón de libertades;
por eso te estremecen mortales convulsiones,
cuando los ambiciosos, que ingentes aluviones
de Conquista han traído roban tus heredades.

Tus cráteres lanzaron fuego de cien mil fraguas,
lavas abrasadoras, ceniza, hirvientes aguas,
en una anunciación de hecatombe suprema;
porque ha sido violado tu mágico tesoro,
aquellos encantados gemelos toros de oro,
por los Shylocks que ostentan la explotación por lema.

¡Oh! Aquella tu ira santa lección sublime encierra.
¿Por qué fueron tus víctimas los hijos de tu tierra,
los mismos paladines del triunfo de mañana?
Castigaste del pueblo la suicida apatía,
porque no predicamos la santa rebeldía
ante el feroz empuje de la ambición humana.

Ejemplo de energía, valor y patriotismo,
ha visto el pueblo nuestro en ese cataclismo
que sembró con delirio tu saña despiadada
Tú enseñaste al pasivo morador del terruño
a abrir la boca airada y enseñar rojo el puño
a los esquilmadores de nuestra tierra amada.

Maldices la Conquista, odias el coloniaje,
pides la autonomía para el propio linaje,
porque te pesa mucho el extranjero yugo.
Y así siempre que vienen nuevos dominadores,
descargas con fierza tus rayos destructores,
como un reto de muerte al extraño verdugo.

Hace ya muchos años, á raiz del arribo
de la progenie hispana á tu solar nativo,
sembraste una catástrofe muy digna de tu historia.
Y hoy repetiste tu obra de destrucción y muerte,
para decir al amo que nuestro pueblo fuerte
no requiere tutores para vivir con gloria.

Fuiste siempre rebelde, osado, diestro y bravo.
Tú prefieres el caos á vegetar esclavo.
Diríase que alientan en tu seno las almas
de los Burgos, Zamoras, Bonifacios, Rizales,
y de todos aquellos gloriosos Ancestrales
que en lides conquistaron inmarcesibles palmas.

Fuiste siempre, ¡oh Coloso!, hostil á los tiranos,
como el Mayón y el Apo, tus augustos hermanos,
Menos también, muy llenos, de vengadora saña.
Sed como aquí Samsón, heroe de Palestina.
Arrojad vuestras lavas, que antes la propia ruina
que el vergonzoso pacto con la Conquista extraña.

Brindad á Filipinas una ilustre epopeya
que no podemos darla. Igualadla á Pompeya,
inmortal en los fastos solemnes de la historia.
Más bella es Filipinas bajo ceniza y lava,
que Filipinas paria, de otra nación esclava,
y de la gran familia humana, vil escoria.

¡Hurra, egregio coloso de glorias infinitas!
Sea la alta columna de fuego que vomitas
en nuestra noche larga la tea refulgente;
la antorcha neoyorquina iluminando el mundo
es tan débil y exigua que su brillo infecundo
no llega á las comarcas de esta Perla de Oriente.

Más unión, ciudadanos, porque nos aniquilan.
¿No veis que por un lado cañones nos vigilan
y por otro las fuerzas de la Madre Natura?
Que se unan fuertemente todos nuestros esfuerzos,
que formen un sólo haz los vigores dispersos,
y alcemos nuestra enseña sobre tanta tristura……

Febrero, 1911.
Declamada por su autor en la velada literario-musical celebrada el 15 de febrero de 1911 en el «Opera House» á beneficio de los damnificados de Batangas.

 

¡Ha entrado en erupción el Volcán Taal!

El Volcán Taal en la Provincia de Batangas ya ha mostrado signos de una erupción inminente en los últimos meses, pero fue sólo esta tarde cuando estalló (freática). Este volcán, singular porque se encuentra en medio de un lago, se considera el más pequeño del mundo. Pero en realidad, su parte inferior está sumergida bajo el agua. Sólo el cráter es visible. Debido a esta peculiaridad, este volcán batangueño se ha convertido en uno de los lugares turísticos más famosos de mi país.

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Esta foto impresionante fue tomada desde el Monte Maculot en Cuenca, Batangas por Anthony Matúlac (primo de mi amigo batangueño Emil Geronilla).

Pero no dejéis que su belleza os engañe: este volcán tiene un pasado mortal. Desde 1572, ha habido más de treinta erupciones registradas, y hubo cientos de muertes (su última erupción registrada fue en 1977, o dos años antes de mi nacimiento). De hecho, al menos dos ciudades de Batangas, Lipâ y Taal, se han mudado a varios sitios porque fueron devastadas por varias erupciones. Muchos no saben que los sitios actuales de Lipâ y Taal no son sus sitios originales.

Una de sus erupciones más devastadoras fue en 1911 (también ocurrió en el mes de enero), donde murieron más de mil personas.

La Ciudad de Tagaytay en la Provincia de Cavite es sin duda el mejor lugar para ver el volcán batangueño porque está situado en la cima de una cresta o barranca muy alta. La cresta en sí fue creada por una explosión taaleña masiva hace miles de años (el nombre  de Tagaytay se deriva de una antigua palabra tagala que significa cresta o barranca).

La última vez que experimenté una caída de ceniza volcánica fue cuando tenía once años durante la explosión mundialmente famosa del Volcán Pinatubò. Ahora, más de veintiocho años después, lo experimenté nuevamente, esta vez como un padre de familia. Por extraño que parezca, hay una sensación de emoción (y nostalgia) a pesar del peligro que conlleva.

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La explosión freática del Volcán Taal se puede ver desde la isla de Mindoro. Esta foto fue tomada esta tarde en Abra de Ilog, Mindoro Occidental (pueblo natal de mi mujer Yeyette; esta foto es de Jemar “Balong” García, un amigo de sus primos).

Grabé cuatro vídeos breves de la caída de ceniza volcánica en nuestro lugar (San Pedro Tunasán, La Laguna está más o menos a 40 km de Tagaytay). Haced clic aquí para verlos.

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A review of Brother Andrew González’s “Language and Nationalism: The Philippine Experience Thus Far”

I am reposting an undated book review written many years ago by the late chemist-historian Pío Andrade Jr. He was a researcher and regular contributor to the Filipino-Chinese weekly magazine “Tuláy” published by Teresita Ang-See in Binondo, Manila. Andrade was the author of the best-selling and controversial book “The Fooling of América: The Untold Story of Carlos P. Rómulo“. In this book review, Andrade countered the claim that Spanish was not widespread in Filipinas during the US colonial period.

A REVIEW OF BROTHER ANDREW’S BOOK: “LANGUAGE AND NATIONALISM: THE PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE THUS FAR”
Pío Andrade Jr.

Brother Andrew González’s treatise “Language and Nationalism” was praised in the foreword by Cecilio López as “the most exhaustive and up-to-date treatment of the language problem in the Philippines”.

It may have been up-to-date when it was published, but by no means could it be described as exhaustive. One look at the list of references shows the absence of very important sources such as the following:

1.) The Official Census of 1903.
2.) The Ford Report of 1916, which shows that the use of Spanish was more widespread than commonly admitted.
3.) Pío Valenzuela’s History of Philippine Journalism.

There are many big and important facts on the language question that are not mentioned at all in Brother Andrew’s book, such as the fact about Spanish being the language of the Revolution, the role of Spanish in effecting the unity of the various Filipino ethnic groups which made the 1896-1899 Revolution possible, the role of the Chinese Filipinos in disseminating the language of Cervantes all over the country due to the fact that the Philippines was the most thoroughly educated Asian colony in the last decades of the 19th century, and the fact about the much higher circulation of Spanish language dailies than either the Tagálog or English dailies in the 1930s.

Brother Andrew González, FSC, uncritically accepted the figure of 2.8% as the percentage of Filipinos who can speak and write in Spanish at the turn of the century given by Cavada Méndez y Vigo’s book. This book was printed in 1870, just seven years after the establishment of the Philippine Public school system in 1863 by Spain.

Surely by 1900, more than 2.8% of the Filipinos were speaking and writing in Spanish and there was incontrovertible proof behind this assertion.

Don Carlos Palanca’s Memorandum to the Schurman Commission listed eight Spanish-speaking provinces in the islands in addition to the 9 Tagalog-speaking provinces which, according to him, are also Spanish-speaking. To this total of 17 Spanish-speaking provinces, Don Carlos added that there were only five other provinces where “only a little Spanish is spoken”. Don Carlos Palanca was the gobernadorcillo of Binondo and the head of the Gremio de Mestizos (Chinese Christians were the ones referred to as mestizos since the Spanish half-breed was called criollo).

William Howard Taft’s 1901 statement after his tour of the Philippines clearly says that Spanish was more widespread than Tagalog.

This fact about Spanish being even more widespread than Tagalog in the entire archipelago is further attested to by the well-documented fact that American soldiers during the Fil-American war had to speak bamboo Spanish to all Filipinos —not bamboo Tagalog— in order to be understood without any interpreter. There is still that other fact about the early occupational government of the American Military in the Philippines having to publish in Spanish, not in Tagalog, all its official communications in order to be understood by the Filipino people. An English translation was appended whenever necessary for the consumption of the Americans themselves.

This official use of Spanish by the Americans themselves went on up to 1910 when they started to issue communications in English but still followed by a corresponding Spanish translation of the same. In view of this fact, if a Filipino national language needed to be established other than English, the correct choice should have been Spanish, not Tagalog.

A big fault of Brother Andrew’s book lies in his uncritical acceptance of Teodoro Agoncillo’s “The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan”. Agoncillo’s history book has already been proven to be heavily distorted by omission of facts, false interpretation of events and documents, and by outright lies. The omission of these other facts was done because the same could not be reconciled with Mr. Agoncillo’s own personal bias in the narration and teaching of Philippine history. An example of Brother Andrew’s fault with regard to his uncritical acceptance of Agoncilo’s distortion of history is the conclusion that the founding members of the KKK (Katipunan) were Filipinos of lowly origin. The founding Supremo of the KKK is Andrés Bonifacio and it is not so that he is of lowly origin. Bonifacio was definitely not a poor man when he got into the Katipunan.

Nor were the other Katiputan charter members. Agoncillo also failed to mention that the Philippine economy was booming during that decade and that Bonifacio, unlike most other Filipinos, approved of the torture of a captive friar.

The years 1900 to the Commonwealth period (1935-1941) were not well researched by Brother and Doctor Andrew González. Thus, the language issue affecting the Filipinos then was not well discussed. Had Brother Andrew researched more on the language issue of that period, he would have found out that as late as the 1930s, Spanish dailies outcirculated either the Tagalog or English language dailies.

He would have found out also that the use of Spanish during the following decade of 1940 was bound to even get stronger had it not been for the devastating 1943-1945 war.

The strength of Spanish is evidenced by the majority of cinema films shown between 1900 and 1940. These films, even if made in Holywood, were in Spanish subtitles and talkies. And several of the Philippine produced full-length films had all-Spanish talkies.

Another important fact not found in Brother Andrew’s book is the role of the Spanish language in assimilating and integrating the Chinese emigrants into mainstream Filipino society. The 100,000 Chinese in the Philippines at the turn of the century spoke Spanish in varying degrees of proficiency. The Philippine Chinese Chamber of Commerce since its establishment in 1904 wrote its minutes in Spanish until 1924. When they ceased using Spanish in their official meetings and minutes, they reverted to Chinese, not English. Today, strange as it may seem, the last bastion of whatever Spanish language is left are the Chinese Filipinos, and not those of Spanish descent except the Padilla-Zóbel family that maintains the annual Premio Zóbel.

Finally, Brother and Doctor Andrew González treated very superficially the question of nationalism and language. There should have been more discussions on the point that adopting a foreign tongue, or using foreign words, are not per se against nationalism. If nationalism is love for one’s country and foreign words and language can best help literacy and communication, it is nationalistic doing so.

Neither did Brother and Doctor Andrew González realize that nationalism in the question of language can be destructive as has been the case in the Philippines. Doing away with Spanish orthography and the cartilla, the educational authorities did away with a very inexpensive and very effective method for teaching reading skills to the young. Exterminating Spanish in the schools made the Filipinos today estranged to their Hispanic past and made Filipinos prey to nationalist historians who misled several generations of Filipinos in the sense that Spain had done the Philippines very little good when the contrary is true.

What is the prime purpose of language? Is it not to make us understand one another better? Yet, Brother and Doctor Andrew González’s book gives the impressions that showing nationalism is the prime purpose of language.

To be fair to Brother Andrew González, we want to think that he is a victim of too many distortions found in Philippine History including the history of language among Filipinos. Thus, the remark of Cecilio López in his introduction to Brother Andrew’s book “Language and Nationalism”, that it is “the most exhaustive and up-to-date treatment of the language problem in the Philippines”, is only true in the sense that the very few books on the same subject are mostly superficial.

Perhaps it will be correct for us to recall a Spanish saying that says: En el país de los ciegos, el tuerto es rey.

DEFENSORES DE LA IDENTIDAD FILIPINA. History blogger Arnaldo Arnáiz (left) and the late chemist-historian Pío Andrade Jr. (right). Behind Arnaldo is eminent historian Fr. José Arcilla, S.J. (photo taken on 26 June 2009 at the Instituto Cervantes de Manila‘s former site in Ermita, Manila).